The two domains are adjacent from each other and possess unique qualities. This three-dimensional structure of the TSST-1 protein was determined by purifying the crystals of the protein. Consisting of a single polypeptide chain, the structure of holotoxin TSST-1 is three-dimensional and consists of an alpha (α) and beta (β) domain. The entire nucleotide sequence was determined by Blomster-Hautamaazg, et al., as well as by other researchers with other experiments. A mature TSST-1 protein has a coding sequence of 585 base pairs. A single signal peptide consists of a 1 to 3 basic amino acid terminus, a hydrophobic region of 15 residues, a proline (Pro) or glycine (Gly) in the hydrophobic core region, a serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) amino acid near the carboxyl terminal end of the hydrophobic core, and an alanine (Ala) or glycine (Gly) at the cleavage site. In the entire nucleotide sequence, only 40 amino acids make up the signal peptide. In the nucleotide sequence of TSST-1, there is a 708 base-pair open-reading frame and a Shine-Dalgarno sequence which is seven base pairs downstream from the start site. TSST-1 is the cause of 50% of non-menstrual and 100% of all menstrual TSS cases. This statistic could possibly be due to surgical wounds or any skin wound. One-third of all TSS cases have been found in men. TSST-1 is a bacterial exotoxin found in patients who have developed toxic shock syndrome (TSS), which can be found in menstruating women or any man or child for that matter. The bacterium strain that produces the TSST-1 can be found in any area of the body, but lives mostly in the vagina of infected women. Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), a prototype superantigen secreted by a Staphylococcus aureus bacterium strain in susceptible hosts, acts on the vascular system by causing inflammation, fever, and shock. In general, the toxin is not produced by bacteria growing in the blood rather, it is produced at the local site of an infection, and then enters the blood stream. It causes toxic shock syndrome (TSS) by stimulating the release of large amounts of interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor. Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 ( TSST-1) is a superantigen with a size of 22 kDa produced by 5 to 25% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
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